Analysis of Health Care Policies and Strategies in Nigeria

Abstract

The state of healthcare in Nigeria is a complex and multifaceted problem that encompasses various challenges related to staff, infrastructure, disease burden, and maternal and child health. While the country faces numerous issues, there is also potential for growth and progress. Regional disparities within Nigeria's healthcare system further compound the challenges. Rural areas often lack access to essential healthcare services, whereas urban centers tend to have better-equipped medical facilities, including hospitals and clinics. Nigeria, like many other countries, grapples with a significant disease burden. Communicable diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and vaccine-preventable illnesses pose substantial health challenges. These diseases disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, including children, pregnant women, and those living in poverty. Additionally, non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions are on the rise. Addressing this disease burden requires a comprehensive strategy that integrates preventive measures, early detection, treatment, and health education programs to enhance knowledge of disease prevention and control. Recognizing the need to tackle these issues, the Nigerian government formulated the National Health Promotion Policy in 1988, which was revised in 2019. Through a comprehensive analysis of these policies, this paper’s aim is to provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of Nigeria's healthcare system and its legislative initiatives. This study adopted the doctrinal approach to legal research in analyzing the policy documents. Among other things the paper found that this policy serves as a guiding framework for promoting health and preventing diseases in the country. It emphasizes the importance of adopting a holistic approach that encompasses various sectors and stakeholders to address health challenges comprehensively. The policy focuses on health promotion, disease prevention, and health education, with an emphasis on community participation and

empowerment. Furthermore, the Nigerian government has also developed the National Strategic Development Health Plan Framework, which has been in effect since 2009. This framework provides a roadmap for the development and implementation of healthcare programs and policies. It aims to improve access to quality healthcare services, strengthen healthcare systems, and enhance the overall health status of the population. The plan emphasizes the need for equitable distribution of healthcare resources, improved healthcare financing, and the integration of primary healthcare services. This extensively examines the role of both policy documents. By conducting a comparative analysis, the effectiveness of these legislative initiatives has been evaluated. The paper explored the extent to which these policies have been implemented, identified gaps or challenges in their execution, and assessed their impact on improving healthcare outcomes in Nigeria. The findings is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the progress made thus far, highlight areas that require attention and improvement, and inform future strategies to address the complex healthcare challenges faced by the nation. Ultimately, the study supports evidence-based decision-making and fosters sustainable advancements in Nigeria's healthcare sector.